Private international law for English-speaking clients in Dinan

Even without a marriage contract, the spouses are necessarily subject to a matrimonial regime and their marriage entails financial consequences towards each other and third parties. In the absence of a marriage contract, the law implicitly chosen by the spouses in order to define their matrimonial regime must be determined. The rules in order to determine this "implicit choice" are different according to whether the spouses were married before or after 1 September 1992. *For spouses married after 1 September 1992 The provisions of the Hague Convention of 14 March 1978, which came into force on 1 September 1992 in France and several other countries, apply. The nature of this convention is "universal", i.e. it also applies to spouses who are nationals of third-party countries that did not sign the Convention, in order to determine their matrimonial regime in France. The principle is set out in article 4, paragraph 1, which provides that in the absence of a marriage contract prior to their union, the spouses are subject to the law of their first habitual country of residence once married. However several exceptions to this principle are provided so as to designate the spouses' common national law instead of the law of their first habitual country of residence. More specifically, these exceptions apply in the absence of a common habitual residence after marriage and with spouses of the same nationality. *For spouses married before 1 September 1992 For spouses married before 1 September 1992, the rules of French international law and case law apply; the latter adopt the principle of freedom of choice and consider that this choice translates by the selection of the spouses' first matrimonial place of residence. However, this matrimonial place of residence must have a certain stability. In general, a period of two years is needed in order to determine the matrimonial place of residence. However, case law specifies that the presumption in favour of the first matrimonial place of residence may be invalidated by other relevant evidence, depending in particular on the behaviour of the spouses once married. 

The deceased's family record book and marriage contract, if any. An extract of the deceased's death certificate.  An authentic copy of the judgement of divorce or legal separation, if any An authentic copy of any gift between spouses the deceased may have formalised Any will the deceased may have drawn up, or name and address of the person who may have said will within their possession. All savings accounts. The bank information for each of the banks within which an account is opened in the name of the deceased and their spouse in the case of shared assets (including any joint bank accounts). Any registered or bearer securities at the place of residence. All documents pertaining to all pensions and retirement benefits received by the deceased or their spouse. The registration certificates for all vehicles belonging to the deceased and their spouse, in the case of shared vehicles. All information and documents concerning any receivables. Any life-insurance policies taken out by the deceased or their spouse (in the case of shared policies). Information on all property owned:  Authentic copies of all real estate acquisition deeds All leases and information on the rentals granted. The latest insurance premium receipts for the buildings. Name and address of the property manager.  Name and address of the property management company All information on the deceased's debts, i.e. all bills paid after their death for expenses incurred before their death: -           + Last illness costs. -           + Funeral expenses. -           + Loans. -           + Last tax notice. -           + Wealth tax. + Property tax. -           + Local tax.  + Miscellaneous bills.  Any information on the benefits the deceased may have received as part of social assistance or the National solidarity fund.   You will also need to provide all information on any gifts made to their children during the marriage, as well as on any gifts or estates received by the deceased or their spouse during the marriage, and on any sale of private property having belonged to the deceased. Depending on the nature of the deceased's assets, additional documents may be required

           The universal community place the French property in a matrimonial fund, which passes automatically to the surviving spouse. Once again the legal reserve rules are postponed. There are limitations to the use of the universal community, in particular wher there are children from a previous marriage

The tontine clause that must be inserted in the acquisition act, is often considered in the scope of the protection of the surviving spouse or the partner. This clause foresees that the owner of the goods shall be the survivor of the signatories of the tontine pact. Often it aims to avoid the application of the hereditary reserve to the death of the first of the spouses or partners. But pay attention to the tax system for those that are not married nor in civil unions. 

In an international context, husband and wife have the option of changing at any time the law applicable to their matrimonial regime. However, this choice is circumscribed by and limited to the following laws: -          that of the State of which one of them is a national, -          that of the State in which one of them is habitually resident at the time of the choice, -          that of the State where the immovable assets are located, but only in regard to these assets. This change of applicable law must result from an instrument executed in the form of a marriage contract. It may need to liquidate the previous regime. Steps to publicise such a change are necessary for opposability against third parties

In an international context, the future spouses will need to anticipate the issue of determining their matrimonial regime. To this end, the international department of ETASSE et Associés advises its French clients living abroad or foreign clients living in France, in order to determine the most suitable matrimonial regime for their situation. Only a marriage contract may guarantee spouses the legal security and stability in an international context. For spouses already married, the international department assists them with any change in the applicable law or regime.